Network security refers to the policies, practices, and technologies employed to protect the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of computer networks and the data they transmit. It encompasses a wide range of measures, including firewalls, intrusion detection systems, encryption, virtual private networks (VPNs), and access control mechanisms, designed to defend against threats such as unauthorized access, cyberattacks, data breaches, and malware. Network security is critical for safeguarding sensitive information, ensuring the continuity of business operations, and maintaining trust in digital communications.

Effective network security involves a multi-layered approach, often referred to as defense in depth, where different security controls are implemented at various points within the network to detect and mitigate threats. This includes securing endpoints, protecting data in transit, monitoring network traffic for suspicious activities, and regularly updating systems to address vulnerabilities. As cyber threats continue to evolve, organizations must continuously adapt their network security strategies to protect against new and emerging risks.