Geolocation refers to the process of determining the physical location of a device or user, typically using technologies like GPS (Global Positioning System), Wi-Fi positioning, IP address tracking, or cellular network triangulation. It is a foundational technology for location-based services across industries, ranging from navigation to marketing.

Key Technologies:
1. GPS: Satellite-based system providing highly accurate location data, commonly used in mobile devices and navigation systems.
2. Wi-Fi Positioning: Estimates location based on proximity to Wi-Fi hotspots.
3. IP Address Tracking: Derives general location information by mapping IP addresses to geographic regions.
4. Cellular Triangulation: Uses nearby cell towers to calculate device location.

Applications:
- Navigation: Real-time routing and traffic updates in apps like Google Maps.
- E-commerce: Providing personalized experiences, such as showing local currencies or nearby product availability.
- Marketing: Geotargeted advertisements tailored to users’ locations.
- Safety and Security: Emergency services locating users during distress calls.

Privacy Concerns:
Geolocation data can be sensitive, raising concerns about user privacy. Compliance with regulations like GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) is essential to protect users' rights and ensure transparency in data collection and usage.

Geolocation technology continues to evolve, driving innovation in sectors like augmented reality, IoT, and autonomous vehicles.