Pair Programming is a collaborative programming technique where two developers work together at a single workstation. One developer, known as the "driver," writes the code, while the other, known as the "observer" or "navigator," reviews each line of code as it is written, offering suggestions, identifying potential issues, and discussing strategies. The roles frequently switch between the two, ensuring that both developers are actively engaged in the coding process. Pair programming is often used in Agile development environments and is a core practice in Extreme Programming (XP).

The primary benefits of pair programming include improved code quality, as two sets of eyes are more likely to catch errors or identify better approaches than one, and enhanced knowledge sharing, as developers learn from each other’s expertise and problem-solving techniques. It also fosters better communication and teamwork, as developers collaborate closely and continuously throughout the development process. While pair programming can be more time-consuming than solo programming, the investment often pays off in the form of higher-quality code, faster problem resolution, and the development of stronger, more cohesive teams.