Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) is a programming technique that allows developers to interact with a relational database using an object-oriented paradigm. Instead of writing SQL queries directly, ORM tools automatically map database tables to classes in the programming language, making it easier to manipulate data as objects. This abstraction layer simplifies database operations by allowing developers to work with data in a more intuitive and natural way, without needing to understand the underlying database schema or SQL syntax.

ORM tools, such as Hibernate for Java, Django ORM for Python, and Entity Framework for .NET, can significantly reduce the amount of boilerplate code required for database interactions, improve code maintainability, and enhance productivity. They also help in managing database connections, handling transactions, and ensuring data integrity. However, while ORMs offer many advantages, they can introduce performance overhead and may not be suitable for complex queries or applications requiring fine-tuned database optimization. Despite these limitations, ORM remains a popular approach for simplifying database management in modern software development.